Ruin
Kumma
🇸🇩 Sudan · 19th century BC
Kumma or Semna East is an archaeological site in Sudan. Established in the mid-12th Dynasty of Egypt, it served as a fortress of ancient Egypt in Nubia. Along with Semna, Kumma was built by the Pharaoh Sesostris III (1878 BC – 1839 BC). The forts protected the border between ancient Egypt and the southern areas.
Kumma is situated about 365 kilometres (227 mi) south of Aswan, and 35 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of the second cataract of the Nile on the eastern bank. Semna is located on the other side. Both locations are flooded today because of the Aswan High Dam on Lake Nubia. The salvaged temple of Khnum is rebuilt in the National Museum of Sudan at Khartoum.
Text adapted from “Kumma (Nubia)” on Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
Kumma ranks #3,596 of 7,044 worldwide in the atlas's castle fame ranking, and #1 of the 2 mapped in Sudan. Founded 1878 BC, it is older than 100% of the atlas's dated landmarks. See how Sudan compares in the castle statistics.
View on the interactive castle map →Frequently asked questions
Where is Kumma?
Kumma stands in Sudan, at 21.4667°, 30.9667°.
When was Kumma built?
The atlas dates its founding to 1878 BC. Earlier structures may have stood on the site; this is the earliest documented founding year.
How famous is Kumma?
In this atlas's fame ranking: #3,596 of 7,044 worldwide, and #1 in Sudan. Fame here combines how many Wikipedia language editions cover a landmark with how many people read them.
What is the nearest castle to Kumma?
Shalfak, about 11 km away.
More ruins
- Gasr Banat Libya · 3rd century
- Žovnek Castle Slovenia · 13th century
- Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham Egypt
- Or Qapi Ukraine · 16th century