Fort van den Bosch

Fort van den Bosch, locally known as Benteng Pendem ("sunken fort"), is a fort located in Pelem administrative village, Ngawi (city), Ngawi, Indonesia.

In the 19th century, Ngawi was known as the center of trade and shipping in East Java. The Dutch established a defense center in the region of Madiun especially to cope with the Java War which was led by Prince Diponegoro. The fight against the Dutch in each region was started by each of the region's local ruler: the region of Madiun was led by Regent Kerto Dirjo, and in Ngawi it was led by Adipati Judodiningrat, Raden Tumenggung Surodirjo, and Wirotani (a follower of Diponegoro).

In 1825, the Dutch managed to capture Ngawi. To maintain their position in Ngawi, as well as to oversee the trade route along the area, the Dutch East Indies government ordered the construction of a new fort. A location was chosen at the confluence of Bengawan Solo and Madiun River. The fort was finished in 1845 and was named Fort van den Bosch. It was equipped with rooms for 250 soldiers, 6 cannons, and 60 cavalries led by Johannes van den Bosch.

During the Japanese occupation period, the fort was converted into a civilian camp for men and boys. From February 1943 to February 12, 1944; about 1,580 men, including Brits and Americans, were imprisoned in Fort Van den Bosch. Nakamura was listed as the prison commendant, while natives were employed to be prison guards. Some of the internees were held in the fort prison, and some in barracks on the front part of the ground. On February 12, 1944, the internees were transferred to the 4th and 9th Battalions' Encampment in Tjimahi.

From 21 January 1945 to August 30, 1945, Fort van den Bosch was reused as a civilian camp. About 737 internees were imprisoned in the fort. This time, the internees were Indo-European men and boys who refused to swear loyalty to the Japanese authorities. The internees lived under a hard regime. When the Japanese left Indonesia, the internees were freed, taken with a truck to Ngawi station, and from there by train to places e.g. Yogyakarta.

After sovereignty handover the fort was briefly used by Indonesian Army before fell into deterioration until its current dilapidated condition. In February 2019, President Joko Widodo announced that the fort complex will be repaired and revitalized into near original condition for tourist destination.

Text adapted from “Fort van den Bosch” on Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

Fort van den Bosch ranks #5,616 of 8,134 worldwide in the atlas's castle fame ranking, and #27 of the 41 mapped in Indonesia. Its Wikipedia articles were opened 1,059 times in the last 60 days, more than 50% of the atlas. See how Indonesia compares in the castle statistics.

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