Japan · 13th century
Iwabitsu Castle ranks #3,723 of 9,040 worldwide in the atlas's castle fame ranking, and #186 of the 295 mapped in Japan. Founded c. 1250, it is older than 67% of the atlas's dated landmarks, one of 1091 atlas entries founded in the 13th century. Its Wikipedia articles were opened 5,136 times in the last 60 days, more than 87% of the atlas. 3 more atlas landmarks stand within 25 km. See how Japan compares in the castle statistics.
Iwabitsu Castle (岩櫃城, Iwabitsu-jō) is a "yamashiro"-style (castle located on Mount Iwabitsu in Higashiagatsuma, Gunma Prefecture, Japan. The ruins have been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 2019.
Iwabitsu Castle is located in northwestern Gunma Prefecture in the middle of a long valley created by the Agatsuma River (a tributary of the Tone River). This valley was the route of the Shinshu Kaidō, a road which led from Takasaki to Shinano Province via the Torii Pass, and the castle thus controlled a strategic point on this highway.
The origins of the Iwabitsu Castle are uncertain, but it is believed to have been built by the local Agatsuma clan sometime in the 13th century. During the Muromachi period, it was held by the Saitō clan, another local warlord. However, in the early Sengoku period, it was captured by Sanada Yukitaka, who had expanded from Shinano Province into northern Kōzuke Province with the backing of his overlord, Takeda Shingen. The Saitō clan had turned to Uesugi Kenshin of Echigo Province for assistance, but due to the distance from Echigo and the stratagems employed by the Sanada, the castle fell in 1563.
Sanada Masayuki used Iwabitsu Castle as his base to continue his expansion into northern Kōzuke, capturing Numata Castle in 1579. He also rebuilt the Iwabitsu jōkamachi into a fortified shukuba by surrounding the entire town with a series of forts and gates, similar to the layout which he later employed when designing the new stronghold for the Takeda clan at Shinpu Castle as few years later. After the fall of the Takeda clan in 1582, Sanada Masayuki had planned to provide refuge for Takeda Katsuyori at Iwabitsu Castle, but Katsuyori was unable to reach it due to treachery by some of his remaining retainers and committed seppuku.
The famed samurai Karasawa Genba was an officer at the castle.
Following the establishment of a stable regime under Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Iwabitsu and Numata were awarded to Sanada Nobuyuki, while his father Masayuki retained Ueda Castle. Following the death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Sanada Masayuki remained loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori and his regent Ishida Mitsunari, whereas Sanada Nobuyuki, sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Text adapted from “Iwabitsu Castle” on Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.
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