Beijing city fortifications

The Beijing city fortifications were a system of walls with towers and gates constructed in the city of Beijing, China in the early 1400s and mostly demolished in the 1950s and 1960s. The entire perimeter of the Inner and Outer city walls stretched for approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi).

Beijing was the capital of China for the majority of the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, as well as a secondary capital of the Liao and Jin dynasties. As such, the city required an extensive fortification system around the Forbidden City, the Imperial City, the Inner City, and the Outer City. Fortifications included gate towers, gates, archways, watchtowers, barbicans, barbican towers, barbican gates, barbican archways, sluice gates, sluice gate towers, enemy sighting towers, corner guard towers, and a moat system. It had the most extensive defense system in Imperial China.

After the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1911, Beijing's fortifications were gradually dismantled. The Forbidden City has remained largely intact and has become the Palace Museum. Most of the Inner City fortifications were demolished 1965 for the construction of the 2nd Ring Road and Line 2 of the Beijing Subway. Some fortifications remain intact, including Tiananmen, the gate tower and watchtower at Zhengyangmen, the watchtower at Deshengmen, the southeastern corner guard tower, and a 1.5-kilometre (0.93 mi)-long section of the Inner city wall near Chongwenmen, just south of the Beijing railway station. The latter two components now form the Beijing Ming City Wall Ruins Park. Almost all of the walls of the Outer City and all of its gates were demolished during the 1950s. Yongdingmen was completely reconstructed in 2004.

英語版ウィキペディア「Beijing city fortifications」より引用、CC BY-SA 4.0。

Beijing city fortificationsは、アトラスの城の知名度ランキングで世界759位（全5,793件中）、中国の120件では22位にランクされています。約1425年に創建され、アトラスの年代判明済みの城の55%より古い城です（15世紀に創建されたアトラス収録の243件のひとつ）。中国が他とどう比べられるかは、城の統計をご覧ください。

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