Hawarden Old Castle

Hawarden Old Castle (Welsh: Castell Penarlâg) is a Grade I listed medieval castle near Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales.

The castle's origins are indeterminate and the oldest fortifications on this site may date back to the Iron Age, later being used as a Norman Motte-and-bailey castle which was reportedly destroyed and replaced in a short period during the 13th century.

The castle played an important role during the Welsh struggle for independence in the 13th century. At Easter 1282, Dafydd ap Gruffudd attacked and captured Hawarden Castle, thereby starting the final Welsh conflict with Norman England, in the course of which Welsh independence was lost. King Edward I's sense of outrage was such that he designed a punishment for Dafydd harsher than any previous form of capital punishment; Dafydd was hanged, drawn, and quartered in Shrewsbury in October 1283.

ウィキペディア「Hawarden Castle (medieval)」より引用、CC BY-SA 4.0。

Hawarden Old Castleは、アトラスの城の知名度ランキングで世界2,215位（全3,734件中）、ウェールズの56件では53位にランクされています。1277年に創建され、アトラスの年代判明済みの城の71%より古い城です（13世紀に創建されたアトラス収録の397件のひとつ）。ウェールズが他とどう比べられるかは、城の統計をご覧ください。

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